Human milk. Buffalo milk curd. Cow milk curd. What is Vitamin B12? Source of Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products, including fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and milk products. Risk factors for Vitamin B12 deficiency Factors that might put you at an increased risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency are: Dietary Factors: People who are vegetarian are not able to get the required amount of vitamin B12 from their diet.
Since vitamin B12 is found in eggs, dairy products, meat, poultry, and fish, non-vegetarians are at a lower risk of suffering from vitamin B12 deficiency. People who are in elderly stage. Alcohol addiction. Poor diet in infants. Poor nutrition in expectant mothers. Sign up to get tips for living a healthy lifestyle, with ways to fight inflammation and improve cognitive health , plus the latest advances in preventative medicine, diet and exercise , pain relief, blood pressure and cholesterol management, and more.
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Bdependent metabolism causes the formation of methionine from homocysteine and the formation of succinyl coenzyme A from methylmalonyl coenzyme A. Therefore, an elevated level of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid MMA can indicate a B12 deficiency. Urinary excretion of MMA can also indicate B12 deficiency if markedly elevated. Making a Definitive Diagnosis The best way to make a definitive diagnosis of B12 deficiency is with a thorough history and physical exam followed by a blood test that evaluates B12 and folate levels since symptoms of folate deficiency can be similar to those of B12 deficiency, according to Gottleib.
Numerous patients have both a B12 and a folate deficiency. If B12 levels are in the low-normal range, MMA and homocysteine levels can be measured. If B12 deficiency is shown, a thorough review of dietary habits as well as a Schilling test can indicate either poor B12 intake or poor absorption if no other factors are present.
Certain scenarios can give a mismatch between tissue and blood levels, causing a false-positive for B12 deficiency. B12 is necessary for maintenance of the myelin sheath of nerves. Recent research reports on several relationships between a correlation with levels of Brelated markers but not serum B12 and standardized neuropsychological tests of cognition itself as well as global cognitive function and total brain volume. Methylmalonate levels were associated with poorer episodic memory and perceptual speed, and cystathionine and 2-methylcitrate with poorer episodic and semantic memory.
Homocysteine levels were associated with decreased total brain volume. Therefore, markers of B12 deficiency but not serum B12 levels themselves may correlate with cognition and brain volume. According to the Rush study, results showed that high levels of four of five markers for B12 deficiency were associated with lower scores on cognitive tests and smaller brain volume.
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